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INTRODUCTION
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Application of a tourniquet to the bitten limb is not recommended |
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Application of potassium permanganate is not recommended. |
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Cutting open the bitten area often used prior to suction is not recommended. |
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Immersion in warm water or sour milk, followed by the application of Snake-Stones (also known as Black Stones or la Pierre Noire), is not recommended. |
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In a study with pigs, suction not only caused no improvement but led to necrosis in the suctioned area. Suctioning by mouth presents a risk of further poisoning through the mouth's mucous tissues. The well-meaning family member or friend may also release bacteria into the victim’s wound, leading to infection. Sucking out venom, either by mouth or with a pump does not work and may harm the affected area directly. Suction started after 3 minutes removes a clinically insignificant quantity - less than one thousandth of the venom injected - as shown in a human study. |
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Use of electroshock therapy is not recommended. |
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SNAKE REPELLENTS AND HERBS;
Out of the materials tested, Acorus calamus extract and pine oil were
found to exhibit excellent snake repellent property.
Hexane Extracts of Plants
Allium sativum (garlic), Azadirachta indica (neem), Nicatina tobacum (tobacco )
Vitex negundo (nirgundl)
And Oil Extracts of Plants
Pine, Citronella and Thyme
Exhibited little snake repellent properties.
Hexane Extracts of Plants
Allium cepa (onion), Boerhaavia difusa (punamava), Jasminussp. (wishmogra)
Mentha arvensis (pudina), Ocimum basiJicum (subja), Ocimum sanctum (tuJsi)
Rubia cardifoJia (manjistha), AristoJochia indica, Trachyspermum ammi (aguvan)
ZingiberofficinaJis (adrak)
And Oil extracts of Plants
Juniper oil. Cedarwood oil, Neemoil, Clove oil, Eucalyptus oil, Lemon grass oil
And Sweet basil oil
Exhibited zero snake repellent properties.
(D.M. Renapurkar, T.G. Tare, N.K. Sutar, and P.B. Deshmuk1i
Department of Zonosis, Haffkine Institute, Bombay-400 0/2; Observations on Snake Repellent Property of Some Plant Extracts; Del Sci J, Vol 41, No 1, January 1991, pp 79-85) |
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| SALIENT FEATURES OF
SNAKEGUARD |
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SNAKEGUARD contains natural ingredients that repel Snakes |
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SNAKEGUARD is formulated as a fine free flowing powder and easy to apply in the fields. |
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SNAKEGUARD is found to be effective against many types of snakes. |
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SNAKEGUARD is not harmful to pets, environment and human beings |
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SNAKEGUARD’s effect lasts up to four weeks. |
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CONTENTS AND MODE OF ACTION OF SNAKEGUARD
SNAKEGUARD contains
1. A repellent composition,
2. A carrier which will cause inconvenience to the snakes to crawl over snakeguard due to it’s abrasiveness,
3. And an adjuvant (Propreitory).
The repellent composition include
1. Crude pulverized Ribes nigrum Linn. which may contain Beta Naphthol.
2. Eessential oils selected from a group of essentials oils or a reagent from one or all of the essential oils like Pine Oil, Rape Seed Oil, Onion Oil,
3. Natural Minerals like sulfurous ores commercially known as Brimstone
4. Vegetables like dehydrated onion powder
Since the type of reaction and time taken to react and the length of reaction in time wise vary from essential oil to essential oil, a blend of essential oils are chosen.
SNAKEGUARD works prophylactic and as well as remedial.
SNAKEGUARD
prevents snakes from accessing areas to be protected.
SNAKEGUARD
also extirpate snakes from the target area where they are not desired.
The scent of
SNAKEGUARD irritates most of the snakes and prevents them to enter into the target area and at the same time it expels most of the snakes from the Target area. This is possible owing to the acute chemical sensibility of snakes.
SNAKEGUARD motivates most of the snakes to abandon their refugiums.
Efficiency of
SNAKEGUARD rests with the method of exposure of SNAKEGUARD to the snakes.
Higher exposure to
SNAKEGUARD by the snakes may disrupt their cells releasing endogenous neuro chemicals that may give rise to pain.
Limitation of SNAKEGUARD is that it is almost two dimensional. It’s scent may not rise more than 3-5 ft above the ground when spread at ground level. Thus in the case of Snakes that possess higher tendencies to be arboreal, SNAKEGUARD is to be broadcasted using a blower atop the ground susceptible for the movement of such snakes. |
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SUGGESTED LEVEL OF USAGE:
SNAKEGUARD is to be spread on borders of house, garden, field etc as a band with a width of about 4-6 inches @ 2 Grams per foot application dose
OTHER INSTRUCTIONS:
To
treat
an
area
already
infested
with
snakes,
spread
SNAKEGUARD
all
over
the
area
and
wait
for
48
hours
for
the
snakes
to
completely
evacuate
the
area
treated.
Web Ref:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakebite
References
1. Alberts M, Shalit M, LoGalbo F (2004). "Suction for venomous snakebite: a study of "mock venom" extraction in a human model". Ann Emerg Med 43 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(03)00813-8. PMID 14747805.
2. Bush S, Green S, Laack T, Hayes W, Cardwell M, Tanen D (2004). "Pressure immobilization delays mortality and increases intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model". Ann Emerg Med 44 (6): 599–604. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.06.007. PMID 15573035. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
3. Bush SP, Hegewald KG, Green SM, Cardwell MD, Hayes WK (2000). "Effects of a negative pressure venom extraction device (Extractor) on local tissue injury after artificial rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model". Wilderness & environmental medicine 11 (3): 180–8. PMID 11055564.
4. Capula, Massimo; Behler (1989). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671690981.
5. Coborn, John (1991). The Atlas of Snakes of the World. New Jersey: TFH Publications.
6. Cogger, Harold (1992). Reptiles & Amphibians. Sydney, Australia: Weldon Owen. ISBN 0831727861.
7. Conant, Roger (1991). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians Eastern/Central North America. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395583896.
8. Ditmars, Raymond L (1931). Snakes of the World. New York: Macmillian, 11. ISBN 978-0025317307.
9. Ditmars, Raymond L (1935). Snake-Hunters' Holiday.. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 309.
10. Freiberg, Dr. Marcos (1984). The World of Venomous Animals. New Jersey: TFH Publications. ISBN 0876665679.
11. Fry, Brian G; Vidal, Nicholas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, Ryan & Kuruppu, Sanjaya (2006), “Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes.”, Nature (Letters) 439: 584–588, DOI 10.1038/nature04328
12. General Snake Information - Division of Wildlife, South Dakota
13. Gold B, Barish R (1992). "Venomous snakebites. Current concepts in diagnosis, treatment, and management". Emerg Med Clin North Am 10 (2): 249–67. PMID 1559468.
14. Holstege CP, Singletary EM (2006). "Images in emergency medicine. Skin damage following application of suction device for snakebite". Annals of emergency medicine 48 (1): 105, 113. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.12.019. PMID 16781926.
15. Kitchens C, Van Mierop L (1987). "Envenomation by the Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius). A study of 39 victims". JAMA 258 (12): 1615–8. doi:10.1001/jama.258.12.1615. PMID 3625968.
16. Kurecki B, Brownlee H (1987). "Venomous snakebites in the United States". J Fam Pract 25 (4): 386–92. PMID 3655676.
17. Mattison, Chris (2007). The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 272. ISBN 978-0691132952.
18. Mc Dowell, Samuel (1972), “The evolution of the tongue of snakes and its bearing on snake origins”, Evolutionary Biology 6: 191–273
19. Parrish H (1966). "Incidence of treated snakebites in the United States". Public Health Rep 81 (3): 269–76. PMID 4956000.
20. Riggs BS, Smilkstein MJ, Kulig KW, et al. Rattlesnake envenomation with massive oropharyngeal edema following incision and suction (Abstract). Presented at the AACT/AAPCC/ABMT/CAPCC Annual Scientific Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, September 27-October 2, 1987.
21. Rogers I, Winkel K (2005). "Struan Sutherland's "Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite"--a commentary". Wilderness Environ Med 16 (3): 160–3. PMID 16209471. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
22. Russell F (1980). "Snake venom poisoning in the United States". Annu Rev Med 31: 247–59. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.31.020180.001335. PMID 6994610.
23. Russell F (1990). "When a snake strikes". Emerg Med 22 (12): 33–4, 37–40, 43.
24. Russell, Findlay E. “Snake venom poisoning.” Great Neck, N.Y.: Scholium, 1983:163.
25. Smith, Malcolm A. Fauna of British India...Vol I - Loricata and Testudines, page 30
26. Sutherland S, Coulter A, Harris R (1979). "Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite". Lancet 1 (8109): 183–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(79)90580-4. PMID 84206.
27. Sutherland S, Leonard R. "Snakebite deaths in Australia 1992-1994 and a management update". Med J Aust 163 (11-12): 616–8. PMID 8538559.
28. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (November 2002) "For Goodness Snakes! Treating and Preventing Venomous Bites". Retrieved December 30, 2005.
29. Whitaker, Romulus & Captain, Ashok. Snakes of India: The Field Guide.(2004) pp 11 to 13.
30. Wilcox, Robert A (15 April 2003). "The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two". Annals of Internal Medicine. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
31. Wilderness Medicine: Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies, 1995; 3: 680-709.
32. World Health Organization. "Animal sera". Retrieved December 30, 2005.
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